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To understand 13 impurity elements restricting the application of high purity quartz sand

Views: 14     Author: Site Editor     Publish Time: 2022-06-28      Origin: Site

High purity quartz sand is an irreplaceable mineral raw material for high-tech industry. It is widely used in the new-generation information industry, energy conservation and environmental protection industry, high-end equipment industry, biological industry and new material industry through processing into quartz glass and other related products.  The purity and different impurity content are the core indexes to determine the application of high purity quartz sand.


At present, there are 13 impurity elements restricting the application of high purity quartz sand: aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), potassium (K), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), boron (B), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti).


The influence of impurity elements on the application of high purity quartz sand like sodium, calcium, etc.


Effects of sodium alkali metal elements  

The alkali metals K, Na, Li and Ca, Mg ions can catalyze the crystallization of quartz glass, and affect the thermal stability, thermal and optical properties of quartz glass. Meanwhile, the temperature and mechanical strength of quartz glass are reduced, and the dielectric coefficient and dielectric loss of quartz glass are increased.  The existence of alkali metals at high temperature helps to dissolve quartz glass, which leads to the phenomenon of permeability loss and deformation at high temperature.  


Influence of chromium transition metal elements  

Transition metals Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ti can cause color spots or discoloration of quartz glass at high temperature and affect the transmittance.  


Effects of aluminum and boron elements  

Aluminum and boron elements in quartz into the quartz skeleton, will produce strong chemical bonds, affecting the electrical conductivity of quartz products, at the same time, enhance the crystallization of quartz glass, reduce the service life.  The presence of boron seriously affects the drawing of monocrystalline silicon.  


In addition, the presence of water or hydroxyl in quartz sand can reduce the high temperature viscosity of quartz glass, thus reducing the temperature resistance;  At the same time, the hydroxyl group will change the crystallization of quartz glass, transmittance, thermal expansion coefficient and a series of physical parameters.


The state of occurrence of an impurity element

The occurrence state of impurity elements in natural quartz is an important restriction factor to determine whether it can become high purity quartz, and it is also an important reference to formulate the best quartz purification scheme.  


The impurity elements mainly come from quartzite ore itself and the processing process, and mainly occur in the form of common minerals, inclusions and isomorphism.


The application of key impurities and occurrence forms of high purity quartz sand are affected.


Lattice impurities  


The crystal structure impurities in quartz are divided into lattice impurities and non-lattice impurities. Lattice impurities mainly replace silicon atoms in silicon oxygen tetrahedron by other atoms in the way of isomorphism. The main impurity elements are Al3+, Ti4+, Ge4+ and so on.  The content of these impurities is very low, but it is difficult to separate from quartz, which is one of the key factors restricting the quality of high purity quartz.


In quartz structural impurities, Al impurity element content is generally the highest.  Since Al exists in the form of Al3+ replacing Si4+, it causes the charge imbalance inside the quartz lattice. When there is a large amount of Al impurities in the quartz, the content of Li, K, Na and other impurity elements will increase.  Too much aluminum impurity in crystal lattice will also lead to crystallization of quartz products due to strong chemical bonds, thus affecting their properties.  


Under current processing techniques, lattice impurities in quartz materials are almost impossible to remove.  Although the content of Al in the form of lattice impurities is very low, it is very difficult to remove it, which is one of the key factors restricting the final quality of high-purity quartz.  


Fluid inclusion  

Fluid inclusions are widely found in minerals or rocks. There are about 102-109 fluid inclusions per cubic centimeter, and their diameters are generally less than 50μm.  The type, size and content of fluid inclusions have a significant effect on the quality of high purity quartz.  Fluid inclusions in quartz can be divided into pure gas, pure liquid, gas-liquid mixed inclusions and three-phase inclusions according to the state of contents.  The fluid captured during the formation of fluid inclusions is supersaturated solution, which crystallizes from the solution to form sub-minerals including stone salts, potassium salts and some silicate minerals when the temperature decreases. Therefore, the fluid inclusions contain alkali metals K, Na, Li ions and alkaline earth metals Ca and Mg ions.  


Quartz products have a tendency to change into crystals of silica (cristobalite) at high temperature, often called crystallization.  Crystallization will affect the performance of quartz products, and alkali metal impurities will induce crystallization phenomenon.  Compared with impurity elements, fluid inclusion is more difficult to remove, which is one of the key factors affecting the quality and application of final quartz products.


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