Tin Metal (Sn)-Ingot

Characteristic

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from Latin: stannum) and atomic number 50. Tin is a silvery metal that characteristically has a faint yellow hue. Tin, like indium, is soft enough to be cut without much force.

Phase at STP：solid

Appearance：silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)

Melting point：505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F)

Boiling point：2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F)

Density (near r.t.)：white, β: 7.265 g/cm³

                               gray, α: 5.769 g/cm³

when liquid (at m.p.)：6.99 g/cm³

Heat of fusion：white, β: 7.03 kJ/mol

Heat of vaporization：white, β: 296.1 kJ/mol

Molar heat capacity：white, β: 27.112 J/(mol·K)

Application

The first tin alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of 1/8 tin and 7/8 copper, from as early as 3000 BC. After 600 BC, pure metallic tin was produced. Pewter, which is an alloy of 85–90% tin with the remainder commonly consisting of copper, antimony, and lead, was used for flatware from the Bronze Age until the 20th century. In modern times, tin is used in many alloys, most notably tin/lead soft solders, which are typically 60% or more tin, and in the manufacture of transparent, electrically conducting films of indium tin oxide in optoelectronic applications. Another large application for tin is corrosion-resistant tin plating of steel. Because of the low toxicity of inorganic tin, tin-plated steel is widely used for food packaging as tin cans. However, some organotin compounds can be almost as toxic as cyanide.