Semiconductor materials' characteristics and applications

Semiconductor materials are a kind of electronic materials which have semiconductor properties and are used to make semiconductor devices. Semiconductor material is the foundation of semiconductor industry, and its development has great influence on the development of semiconductor technology. So what are the characteristics and applications of semiconductor materials?  

Characteristics of semiconductor materials  

Semiconductor materials are a kind of electronic materials which have semiconductor properties and are used to make semiconductor devices. The commonly used conductive mechanism of semiconductors is realized by two kinds of carriers, electrons and holes, so there are corresponding N-type and P-type. Semiconductor materials usually have a certain band gap, and their electrical properties are easily affected by external conditions (such as light, temperature, etc.).  Materials of different conductive types are prepared by incorporation of specific impurities.  Impurities (especially fast diffusion impurities and deep level impurities) have a great influence on the properties of materials. Therefore, semiconductor materials should have very high purity, which requires not only the raw materials used to produce semiconductor materials should have very high purity, but also ultra-clean production environment, in order to minimize the contamination of impurities in the production process. Semiconductor materials are mostly crystals. Semiconductor devices have higher requirements on the crystal integrity of materials. In addition, there are strict requirements for the uniformity of various electrical parameters of materials.  

Application of semiconductor materials  

Elemental semiconductor materials  

Silicon in the current application is quite widespread, not only is he a semiconductor integrated circuits, semiconductor devices and silicon solar cell material, and made of semiconductor electronic components and products have a wide range of into people's life, in people's home appliances electronics used by more than 80% and is inseparable from the silicon case. Germanium is a rare element, less content in the earth's crust, due to the unique properties of germanium, so that its application is mainly focused on making various diodes, transistors and so on.  Other detectors made of germanium, such as Qianjiang, also have many advantages, widely used in many fields.  

Organic semiconductor materials  

Organic semiconductor materials have thermally activated conductivity, such as naphthene anthracene, polypropylene and polyvinyl benzene, and alkali metal and anthracene complexes. Organic semiconductor materials can be divided into organic, polymer and donor receptor complexes. Organic semiconductor chips and other products have poor production capacity, but with convenient processing, strong and durable, low cost, wear resistance and durability.  

Amorphous semiconductor materials  

The properties of pressing force of amorphous semiconductor can be divided into covalently bonded amorphous semiconductor and ion-bonded amorphous semiconductor, which can be prepared by liquid phase fast cooling method and vacuum steam or sputtering method. In industry, amorphous semiconductor materials are mainly used to prepare amorphous semiconductor devices such as sensors, thin film transistors of solar lithium batteries, etc.  

Compound semiconductor materials  

Compound semiconductor materials are various, according to the elements in the periodic table to be classified into three groups, six groups, four groups and so on. Nowadays, compound semiconductor materials have occupied an important position in solar cells, photoelectric devices, ultra-high speed devices, microwave and other fields, and different kinds have different applications. In short, the rapid development of semiconductor materials, widely used, with the passage of time and the development of technology, the application of semiconductor materials will be more important and key, semiconductor technology and the development of semiconductor materials will also move to a higher end of the market.